A Report on Information Technology Risk Management

Questions: Task1. For this question you are required to make at least two (2) forum postings, arguing either for or against the quantitative method of risk assessment. You will be assessed on what you contribute to the debate in terms of quality not quantity (though your posting should at a minimum be a few sentences long). You may either create new thread or reply to a previous posting. All new threads should contain the subject line Quantitative Debate (I will do the posting, just need 2 arguments with refs to base the posts on please) 2. Study Exhibits 61.1 and 61.2 from Reading 3, and answer the following questions:(a) Explain in your own words what is meant by the terms Sweet Spot and Discretionary Area (see Exhibit 61.1) (b) Explain the significance of a security decision that is located to the right of the Sweet Spot but outside the Discretionary Area (see Exhibit 61.1). (c) Explain the significance of a security decision that is located to the left of the Sweet Spot but still inside the Discretionary Area (see Exhibit 61.1). (d) Explain why you think the Defined Highest Acceptable Risk is located on the Sweet Spot, but the Defined Lowest Acceptable Risk is located to the right of the Sweet Spot (see Exhibit 61.2).3. In Reading 7 for this subject, Ozier states that The [ALE] algorithm cannot distinguish effectively between low frequency/high-impact threats (such as fire) and high-frequency/low impact threats (such as misuse of resources). Explain why this is the case. Give an appropriate example to illustrate your explanation. 4. (Note: Make sure you show ALL your working for this question) The following threat statistics have been gathered by a risk manager. Based on these, calculate the ALE for each threat. 5. (Note: Make sure you show ALL your working for this question) Using the figures you calculated above, determine the relative ROSI (return on security investment) for each of the same threats with the following controls in place. Remember that a single control may affect more than one threat, and you need to take this into account when calculating the ROSI. Based on your calculations, which controls should be purchased? 6. Consider the data in the two tables that appear in questions 4 and 5 above. Sometimes a control may affect the cost per incident and sometimes the occurrence frequency, and sometimes both. Why is this the case? Illustrate your answer with an example drawn from the data provided.7. The year is 1999 and you are the risk manager for a large financial institution. You apply the Jacobsons Window model (Reading 11) to determine your companys preferred response to the impending Y2K bug. According to the model, should you accept, mitigate, or transfer the Y2K risk? Why? Do you agree with the models recommendations? Why or why not? 8. (Note: Make sure you show ALL your working for this question) You want to persuade management to invest in an automated patching system. You estimate the costs and benefits over the next five years as follows: Benefits: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 $2,000 $2,500 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 Costs: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 $3000 $2000 $750 $250 $250 C alculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for this investment. Assuming that management has set the Required Rate of Return at 10%, should the investment be made? Why or why not?9. There are a number of qualitative risk assessment models that are available for use, such as FRAAP, OCTAVE, OWASP and CRAMM. Choose one of these models and briefly describe how risk assessment is conducted under this model. Describe an example situation where you could use this selected model. Give your assessment of the validity, or otherwise, of this risk assessment model. Answers: 1. Quantitative Debate Post 1 (Supporting quantitative method of risk assessment) As per a fact, quantitative method under risk assessment refers to a particular technique that quantifies the amount of risk based on the previously-identified level of risk. Utilization of those tools of risk assessment have expanded the extent of intelligibility including that of soundness, and so risk may be easily recognizable. It embraces an expressive matter that is associated to each stage of the specific risk assessment (. ., 2007). To this regard, on reviewing the details of this method it may be identified that by using these sequential steps one may easily point out the different hazards, outcomes of those hazards it they exist at all, probability of the hazards, and attributes of those hazards. Thus, it may be said that quantitative method of assessing risk includes effectual engineering, financial factors, and that of ecological analysis. Post 2 (Supporting quantitative method of risk assessment) On contrary to the quantitative technique of risk evaluation, this approach of quantitative analysis gives a more detailed scenario. The ultimate cause of providing increased focus upon quantitative approach of assessing risk is that to assess the presence of all risks by means of this approach. This is said to incorporate both probability of key hazards as well as their impacts. Hence, this approach makes it easier to specify which risk requires to be taken care of as per its priority. 2. Discussing sub-questions Sweet Spot and Discretionary Area: For reducing the hazards and their occurrence, organization incorporates an effective information security system. For implementing such an effective security system, it is important for the organizations to take up certain amount of expense. Another fact in this regard is that the extent of efficiency of a security system is in fact directly proportional to expense (Adler, Leonard Nordgren, 1999). On the other side, enhanced security system refers to the occurring of risk would reduce, which means risk is inversely proportional to the extent of incurred expense. Now, if a two-dimensional area is considered whereby security is to be measured by means of horizontal axis and that of expense by means of vertical axis, then the point of intersection of cost and that of risk curve, whereby both risks and costs are at equilibrium, the point is known as sweet spot. Also, it is important for every organization requires taking up at least some amount of expense to manage risk, and there are some level of risks that may not be reduced. Thus, if the predefined lowest cost, minimum extent of risk which cannot be reduced and all current practices associated to risk prevention are simultaneously considered, then the space in that dimensional area is called discretionary area. Security decision located towards the right of Sweet Spot and outside of Discretionary Area: As per the given figure, we can say that in such particular context, increasing aspects of security refers to some level of costs that has equivalent impacts upon reduction of risk as the level of risk reduced almost equally as that of the enhancement of security concerns. Discussion: The reason behind this context is the subsequent to that of Sweet Spot, and the proportional risk reduction rate has become lower than the incremental rate of incurred expense. 3. Arguments are raised that algorithm did not succeed to distinguish amidst the high impact/low frequency threats as well as high frequency/low impact threat. For instance, fire is considered to be low frequency high impact threat as well as misuse of resources is low impact high frequency threat(Yokouchi, 2007). The algorithm ALE could not make proper differentiation amidst the two threats. The cause may be explained along with an example. When an organization emphasizes upon the risk loss estimates, Annualized Loss Expectancy may be estimated. For calculation of this, the formula use is: Annualized Loss Expectancy = Asset Value * Exposure factor As per the given formula, it may be identified that on measuring the annualized loss expectancy, generally two factors are considered: asset value as well as exposure factor. On multiplying these two factors, the outcome is single loss exposure. Thus, it just measures the one dimension named risk (Adler, Leonard Nordgren, 1999). Thus, it does not succeed in identifying the frequency as well as impact or emphasis on the outcome. In matter of low frequency/high impact threat, the outcome magnitude may coincide with the outcome of high frequency/low impact threat. Thus, as a matter of fact it may be stated that oversimplification approach of ALE algorithm may be considered key factor associated with failing of drawing distinct difference amidst low frequency/high impact threat and that of high frequency/low impact threat. 4. Threat Cost per incident Occurrence frequency SLE ARO ALE Software piracy $600.00 1 per month 600 52 $31,200.00 Computer virus/ worm $2,000.00 1 per month 2000 12 $24,000.00 Information theft (hacker) $3,500.00 1 per 3 months 3500 4 $14,000.00 Information theft (employee) $6,000.00 1 per 4 months 6000 3 $18,000.00 Denial-of-service attack $11,000.00 1 per 2 years 11000 0.5 $5,500.00 Laptop theft $4,000.00 1 per 5 years 4000 0.2 $800.00 Web defacement $1,500.00 1 per 2 years 1500 0.5 $750.00 Fire $500,000.00 1 per 10 years 500000 0.1 $50,000.00 Flood $300,000.00 1 per 15 years 300000 0.066667 $20,000.00 5. Threat Cost per incident Occurrence frequency SLE ARO ALE Software piracy $500.00 1 per 4 months 500 3 $1,500.00 Computer virus/ worm $1,300.00 1 per 5 months 1300 2.4 $3,120.00 Information theft (hacker) $2,000.00 1 per 6 months 2000 2 $4,000.00 Information theft (employee) $7,000.00 1 per 13 months 7000 0.923076923 $6,461.54 Denial-of-service attack $4,000.00 1 per 10 years 4000 0.1 $400.00 Laptop theft $5,000.00 1 per 10 years 5000 0.1 $500.00 Web defacement $1,500.00 1 per 5 years 1500 0.2 $300.00 Fire $75,000.00 1 per 10 years 75000 0.1 $7,500.00 Flood $50,000.00 1 per 15 years 50000 0.066666667 $3,333.33 Return on Security investment needs to be calculated for every threat in association with the specific control. As per the given table it has been identified that return upon security investment is greater for IDS as well as Insurance. These controls may be bought to combat issues like information hacking or flood(Yokouchi, 2007). 6. On considering the two tables of answer 4 and 5, one may identify that expense per incident as well as frequency of change occurrence based on control. It has been observed that it is control that considerably impacts upon the expense per incident. An instance may be referred to in this scenario to explain the influence of control within the frequency of incident occurrence (Alhawari, Karadsheh, Nehari Talet Mansour, 2012). For combating with system virus, the total expense of the aspect was $2000 and that of occurrence frequency of 1 every month. On introducing control antivirus the expense was $1300 as well as occurrence frequency was 1 every fifth month. The cause is that there are various types of anti-viruses to fight the computer viruses. Their policy of license as well as cost may change with the alterations in the cost of incident as well as occurrence frequency. 7. During the year 1999, being a risk manager of a financial institution, I had applied the Window Model of Jacobson to respond to the T2K bug. This bug means the problem within both digital and non-digital data documentation and storage that is the result of the practice of abbreviation of four digit year to two digits. Thus, the year 2000 as well as 1900 cannot be differentiated. Various approaches were introduced to solve the Y2K bug (Vinaja, 2013). Observation suggests that data re-partitioning, data expansion, windowing, etc can be used to solve the issue. Here in this regard, the Window Model of Jacobson may be used. As per this model, risk may be attributed as per its occurrence frequency and that of the outcome of influence of every occurrence. This model of Jacobson had an assumption that suggests that each of the risks has either high or low occurrence frequency(Prado, 2011). Besides, each risk has high or low influence or outcome. It shows that generally two types of class es are responsible to causing such loss of equal magnitude while indicated in terms of annual rate or annualized loss expectancy. I totally agree with the recommendations of this model that reflects high or low risk requires to be addressed by selecting a proper security measure possessing a positive return upon investment based on the link between implementation cost as well as reduction in ALE. The Jacobsons Window Model suggests that other things remaining constant the security measure must be implemented based on the investment return. 8. Year Benefit Cost Net Cash flow Present Value Factor (@10%) Present Value 1 2000 3000 -1000 0.909090909 -909.091 2 2500 2000 500 0.826446281 413.2231 3 4000 750 3250 0.751314801 2441.773 4 4000 250 3750 0.683013455 2561.3 5 4000 250 3750 0.620921323 2328.455 Net Present Value 6835.661 The given table shows the calculation the net present value (NPV). This value refers to an effective mechanism to assess the investment options. It is identified that NPV of this very investment is quite positive. Within this method, all future cash flows are transformed into present value for estimating the potential of investment. 9. The Operating Critical Threat, Asset and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) method was normally introduced to assess the risks of bigger organizations with increased number of employees around more than 300. It needs to be noted that size was considered to be the only factor in this regard. It bigger organizations, several layers as hierarchy can be identified. This technique is usually responsible to maintain the computing infrastructure along with the internal capacity to run the assessment of risk measure. Besides, this is beneficial to interpret the outcomes in regard to critical assets (Benaroch, Jeffery, Kauffman Shah, 2007). This method involves an approach comprising of three phases for scrutinizing the organizational and certain technological aspects by gathering a comprehensive presentation of requirements associated to the organizational information security. This method is comprised of some workshops that may be arranged by the internal analysis team formed by several organizational employees. The approach emphasizes upon the capitalizing information from various organizational levels. Therefore, this focuses on certain critical aspects like identification of key assets, risks, threats, opportunities of the company. Also, this approach focuses on creation of a strategy to provide protection to company. The strategy of protection relies upon the practice, including the plan to mitigate all potential risks for supporting the objectives of the company. This approach may be applied to assess the potential risks related to the information security. This OCTAVE technique may prove increasingly effective to determine the optimum security in various organizations. This may be backed up by an effective example for explaining the utilization of this approach. In context to health care organizations, these need to maintain large database as well as records of patients(Caron Salvatori, 2014). It is utterly important to protect the confidentiality of the records or information. Here, application of OCTAVE may be highly beneficial for maintain security of the database within the health care organizations. The approach emphasizes upon the capitalizing information from various organizational levels (Pappas Panagiotopoulos, 2009). Therefore, this focuses on certain critical aspects like identification of key assets, risks, threats, opportunities of the company. Also, this approach focuses on creation of a strategy to provide protection to comp any. Enhanced security system refers to the occurring of risk would reduce, which means risk is inversely proportional to the extent of incurred expense. Also, it is important for every organization requires taking up at least some amount of expense to manage risk, and there are some level of risks that may not be reduced(Dey Kinch, 2008). Thus, if the predefined lowest cost, minimum extent of risk which cannot be reduced and all current practices associated to risk prevention are simultaneously considered, then the space in that dimensional area is called discretionary area. References ., P., ., R. (2007). Simulating the Potential Effect of Risk Management on Project Scheduling.Information Technology J.,6(1), 8-13. doi:10.3923/itj.2007.8.13 Adler, T., Leonard, J., Nordgren, R. (1999). Improving risk management: moving from risk elimination to risk avoidance.Information And Software Technology,41(1), 29-34. doi:10.1016/s0950-5849(98)00095-0 Alhawari, S., Karadsheh, L., Nehari Talet, A., Mansour, E. (2012). Knowledge-Based Risk Management framework for Information Technology project.International Journal Of Information Management,32(1), 50-65. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.07.002 Benaroch, M., Jeffery, M., Kauffman, R., Shah, S. (2007). Option-Based Risk Management: A Field Study of Sequential Information Technology Investment Decisions.Journal Of Management Information Systems,24(2), 103-140. doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222240205 Caron, F., Salvatori, F. (2014). Managing Information for a Risk Based Approach to Stakeholder Management.International Journal Of Information Technology Project Management,5(2), 30-43. doi:10.4018/ijitpm.2014040103 Dey, P., Kinch, J. (2008). Risk management in information technology projects.International Journal Of Risk Assessment And Management,9(3), 311. doi:10.1504/ijram.2008.019747 Pappas, A., Panagiotopoulos, P. (2009). Information Technology risk management in e-commerce: classical and catastrophic risk approaches.IJASS,2(3), 250. doi:10.1504/ijass.2009.027663 Prado, E. (2011). Risk analysis in outsourcing of information technology and communication.JISTEM,8(3), 605-618. doi:10.4301/s1807-17752011000300005 Vinaja, R. (2013). IT Security Risk Management: Perceived IT Security Risks in the Context of Cloud Computing.Journal Of Global Information Technology Management,16(3), 82-84. doi:10.1080/1097198x.2013.10845644 Yokouchi, A. (2007). Introduction of Weather Risk Management Technology in Farm Management.Agricultural Information Research,16(4), 226-234. doi:10.3173/air.16.226

Conflict Resolution In Organization Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conflict Resolution In Organization. Answer: The different conflict resolution in the different organizations helps in the understanding and the mitigation of the different issues that present themselves in the different organizations of New Zealand. The unitarist and the pluralist framework are the two frameworks of the organizational structure in the different companies in New Zealand (Johnstone Wilkinson, 2017). The different perspectives of the various legislations in New Zealand focusing on the different perspectives of the employee relation conflict in the country. The different aspect of the employee conflicts in the organization relating to the work life scenario of New Zealand. The different scenarios affecting the workplace conflicts in the county is due to the different scenarios faced by the different employees in the organization. The employment act of 1991 takes the focus away from the collective system of representation in the organizations in the different contexts of the bargaining power of the different employees of in the different unions of the country (Kelsey, J. 2015). One of the major issues seen in the different organization is the acceptance of the pluralist services in the different aspects of the society. The different pluralist theories take into account the different aspects of the organizational and the employee relation between the different groups and the organization should be kept a tab on making it difficult for the organization to make sure that the different employees in the organization will have an opinion and s ay in the matters of their choice making the communication easy between the different groups and the organization (Lamare, et al., 2015). Basically this legislation gave some power to the organization to have a power of opinion among the different employees in the organization. The different aspects of the pluralistic perspective is mitigated by the legislation giving the different organizations a say in the matters of their importance. In the employment contract act of 1991 the unitary framework or the framework which treated employee as the individual entity in the work related scenario in the country was encourages. The labor unions existed but the different contracts in the organization were forged between the employers and the employee leaving the different labor unions with little power to be exercised over the different decision making procedures and the contractual terms between the employers and the employees. The 1991 Employment contract act greatly affected the different aspects of the contract agreement between the two parties (Freedland, et al., 2016). The law based on the pluralist frame work gave much importance to the individual and the contractual benefit during the terms were greatly affected by pluralistic perspectives. The situations were taken to the court in case they cannot be solved by the people of the different cases in the society. In 2000, after the election of the new government, the Employment Relations Act (ERA) indeed elevated intervention to determine modern question. Under the ERA, a business and worker or association must manage each other in accordance with some basic honesty and not successfully delude each other. The Act set up free intervention administrations for businesses and workers. On the off chance that no understanding could be come to, or in the event that one side declined to go to a hearing, the Employment Relations Authority which took over the control from the Employment Tribunal could help in settling the case. Given the chance that either side disagreed with the courts decision, they could go to the Employment Court, which will hear the case and give a number of different opinions before coming to an official conclusion. Union enrollment stayed intentional, so singular specialists could in any case arrange their own particular terms of business. Nonetheless, aggregate bartering by ass ociations was supported. An aggregate understanding is an agreement between a business and an association. An individual association part could put in their own terms in the agreement before the final agreement is made between the employer and employee (Morris, 2015). Under the ERA laborers could legitimately go on a strike while their association would arrange an understanding of the employee satisfaction or the threats and risk they face at work. Workers in public administrations services, like the supply of power, fuel and water, or crisis administrations, are required to inform their manager beforehand about an arranged strike. Therefore, it is seen that the different scenarios thus presented in the essay show that the New Zealand Government gave unitarist perspective more value in time that the pluralist perspective. The different legislation in time can be shown to prove the fact that it was become increasingly easy for the law to solve problems presented in groups. References Freedland, M., Bogg, A., Cabrelli, D., Collins, H., Countouris, N., Davies, A. C. L., ... Prassl, J. (Eds.). (2016).The contract of employment. Oxford University Press. Johnstone, S., Wilkinson, A. (2017). The Potential of Labour Management Partnership: A Longitudinal Case Analysis.British Journal of Management. Kelsey, J. (2015).The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books. Lamare, J. R., Lamm, F., McDonnell, N., White, H. (2015). Independent, dependent, and employee: contractors and New Zealands Pike River Coal Mine disaster.Journal of industrial relations,57(1), 72-93. Morris, G. (2015). Eclecticism versus Purity: Mediation Styles Used in New Zealand Employment Disputes. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 33(2), 203-227.

How to Write a Sample Test Essay

How to Write a Sample Test EssayFirst of all, before reading the instructions on how to write a sample test, I would like to point out that there is a right way and a wrong way to prepare for a test. All students have different goals in mind when they set about to write a sample essay. For some students it may be to demonstrate their writing skills while for others it may be to receive a high grade.The first thing that students should consider doing is to get a good outline of the topic of the essay. It should consist of an introduction, body, conclusion and a list of supporting information. It is essential to consider the essay as if it were your dissertation. In other words, think of it as if you were conducting a research study.As an example, let's say you wanted to write a sample essay to achieve a b average. You will want to make sure that the introductory paragraph establishes your connection with the topic, the topic itself creates a background for the topic and you make the r eaders understand what the topic is about. To do this, you will need to connect the topic of the essay to the student's ability to express their thoughts. In other words, it should be clear that your subject is ability and what makes your student's writing so unique. Make sure to use a clear statement about who you are asking to view the sample essay or lecture.The next thing you will want to do is to read through the document with an idea of who the author is and what their abilities are. If the essay is for a grade level, look at the best-selling authors and choose an author that is related to your subject. There are many writing samples that will offer advice on this.Next, begin by writing about a critical text. Choose the book that is closest to your student's subject matter and find ways to make it fit within the essay. In many cases, you can buy books in bookstores or online that are used for support purposes.Make sure to keep a copy of the book, or seek out a friend who has a copy of the book that you can borrow. To keep track of your ideas throughout the essay, keep a scrap book.While keeping track of your work, make sure to also ensure that you jot down any comments, questions or thoughts that the reader may have. It is important to maintain a conversation going between yourself and the reader.When you are finished reading the essay, find a source of additional reading and make sure to read it aloud. Make sure to take notes on every word the reader reads, every change in tone that they make and any nuances that they may have missed. After you have written it all down, put a few in the back of your head and make sure to refer to them whenever you feel like the topic comes up again.

Mobile Phone Addiction is getting severe free essay sample

Introduction Mobile phone addiction is getting severe amongst the teenagers in Malaysia. Syed and Nurullah (2009) opine that after the introduction of the prepaid services and the subsidization of handsets, mobile phone communication in Malaysia picked up at a fast pace. Pre-teens (10 to 13 years of age) and teens (13 to 18 years of age) together constituted about 20. 5% of the total user base in Malaysia in 2006, which is a sharp rise from 13. 1% in 2005. For instance, it is not an uncommon sight in Malaysia to find teenagers ‘thumbing’ their handheld devices in urban public spaces oblivious to the rest of the living world around them, experiencing a new way to express identity; rooted in and giving rise to a new sub-culture with its own norms, values and patterns of behaviour. This sub-culture is, in many ways comparable to that of other societies such as those in Western Europe since it can be argued that there is a limited number of responses that technology can generate in any given society, and that specific cultural variation alter slightly the patterns of usage. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Addiction is getting severe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Causes of Mobile Phone Addiction Cell phones are used in public and play a vital role in young adults’ social lives. Many young adults view their cell phones as essential to their happiness. Cell phone companies customize the look of the phone and sound to make cell phone an integral part of many young adults-self-identities, cell phones has become an accessory to their outfit, owning a new gadget would bring pride to the young adults (Takaoet, 2009). Cell phones, along with a myriad of other consumer products are desired possessions the purchase of which goes well beyond the practical aspects of the products themselves. Especially in youth and young adults, cell phones are a source of status and a natural outgrowth of a materialistic desire to own, display and use that could enhance their self-esteem and image (Katz Sugiyama, 2005). Solutions Some of the recommended solutions to the problem are, track your mobile phone usage by jotting down in a notepad the amount of time you spend using your phone and keep the journal for a week, then review the amount of time you are spending on each activity (Grohol, 2007). Turn off your mobile phone and try setting a deadline every evening for a time to retire the technology, and try not to use it again until the next morning. Grohol (2007) said, â€Å"By turning it off, you’re taking back conscious control of your life and this little piece of technology. Mobile phone users must understand that technology improves our life, not affecting our lives. If technology is creating stress and anxiety then one might have a backwards relationship with technology (Grohol, 2007) Conclusion Mobile phone addiction could threaten the very fabric of the society. Hisao Ishii (2009) said , Genuine conversation will be driven out by superficial communication, in which the act of contacting one another is all that matters, leading to a deterioration in the quality of relationships. † Mobile phone addiction is affecting human relationship, efforts have to be taken to solve this problem, Grohol (2007) said:â€Å" the more you keep track of the time you spend using your cell phone, the better you’ll be able to control it. † It is time for teenagers to set apart themselves from their mobile phones. If serious efforts are taken into action, in the future mobile phone addiction will not be a problem to teenagers in Malaysia. (495 words) References

Possessive Pronoun Definition and Examples in Grammar

Possessive Pronoun Definition and Examples in Grammar A possessive pronoun is a  pronoun that can take the place of a noun phrase to show ownership (as in This phone is mine). The weak possessives (also called possessive determiners) function as determiners  in front of nouns  (as in My phone is broken). The weak possessives are my, your, his, her, its, our, and their. In contrast, the strong (or absolute) possessive pronouns stand on their own: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs. The strong possessive is a type of independent genitive. A possessive pronoun never takes an apostrophe. Examples and Observations We were both work-study kids with University jobs. Hers was in the library; mine was in the Commons cafeteria.​(Stephen King, Joyland. Titan Books, 2013)Go on, get inside the TARDIS. Oh, never given you a key? Keep that. Go on, that’s yours. Quite a big moment really!(The Doctor to Donna in The Poison Sky. Doctor Who, 2005)Ours is an age of relentless testing, corrupted by cooked or deceitful results and widespread cheating scandals.(Joseph Featherstone, Tested. The Nation, February 17, 2014)Mine is a long and sad tale! said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing.It is a long tail, certainly, said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouses tail; but why do you call it sad?(Lewis Carroll, Alices Adventures in Wonderland)She underlines passages in my Bible because she cant find hers.(Ned in The War of the Simpsons. The Simpsons, 1991)Woman must have her freedom- the fundamental freedom of choosing whether or not she shall be a mother and how many children she will ha ve. Regardless of what mans attitude may be, that problem is hers- and before it can be his, it is hers alone.(Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race, 1920) Its really hard to be roommates with people if your suitcases are much better than theirs.(J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, 1951)Those who restrain desire, do so because theirs is weak enough to be restrained.(William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, 1790-1793) Possessive Pronouns vs. Possessive Determiners The possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) are like possessive determiners, except that they constitute a whole noun phrase. The house will be  hers  you see when they are properly divorced.Writers have produced extraordinary work in conditions more oppressive than  mine. Possessive pronouns are typically used when the head noun can be found in the preceding context; thus in 1, hers means her house, and in 2, mine means my conditions. Here the possessive pronoun is parallel to the elliptic use of the genitive. (D. Biber, S. Conrad, and G. Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Student and Written English. Pearson, 2002) [The] construction with the possessive pronoun [e.g. a friend of mine] differs from the alternative of possessive determiner noun (e.g. my friend) mainly in that it is more indefinite. The sentences in (30) below illustrates this point. (30) a. You know John? A friend of his told me that the food served at that restaurant is awful.(30) b. You know John? His friend told me that the food served at that restaurant is awful. The construction with the possessive pronoun, in (30a), can be used if the speaker hasnt specified and doesnt need to specify the identity of the friend. In contrast, the construction with the possessive determiner, in (30b), implies that the speaker and listener both know what friend is intended.(Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Punctuation With Possessive Pronouns The words hers, ours, theirs, and yours are sometimes termed absolute or independent possessives because they occur when no noun follows. No apostrophe appears in these words, which are often in the predicate [the house was ours] [the fault was theirs]. Sometimes, though, they can occur as subjects [hers was a gift that anyone would envy]. (Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) The Lighter Side of Possessive Pronouns: An Irish Toast Heres to you and yours  and to mine and ours,And if mine and ours ever come across you and yours,I hope you and yours will do as much for mine and oursAs mine and ours have done for you and yours!

Analysis adolescence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis adolescence - Essay Example My goal in this paper is to analyse adolescence and youth of today as echoed in Hall’s â€Å"sensation-seeking adolescents† several decades ago. The reasons behind the innate aggressive behavior of males and females are examined. Sexual development is discussed to give light to the questions of heightened sexuality during adolescence. I will try to establish the link between sensation-seeking and risk behavior, especially the occurrence of confusions in adolescents. The different aspects of adolescents’ confusions on matters like physical changes, eating habits, and sexuality are viewed. Their desire to build their own identity keeps them at odd with their parents. They feel nobody loves them so they become closer to their friends. But sometimes, they fall victims to wrong companions and they are led to drugs, unreasonable behavior and other forms of vices. Peer pressure and family pressures are also discussed to unravel what’s going on inside an adolescen t’s mind. Another controversial aspect is the analysis of the child’s sexuality. ... Hall’s â€Å"storm and stress† view is examined in three key aspects: conflict with parents, mood disruptions and peer pressures. In all three aspects, evidence supports a modified storm and stress view that takes into account individual differences and cultural disparities. This paper will present research that both supports and critises the inherent nature of adolescents. The analysis of the case is achieved in three main sections. I will begin by giving the meaning of adolescence. ‘Adolescence is the process of changing from a child into an adult’ (Hurrelnan1994). Furthermore, rapid changes in body size and shape are the most obvious signs of approaching adolescence. Both girls and boys grow swiftly in height. ‘The arm and leg bones lengthen, and the chin and jaws develop so the face takes on a more mature look’ (Rice 1986). Finally, Hall’s observation of adolescence as a period of storm and stress is investigated before concluding. I t is during adolescence that young people mature physically, becomes responsible and start to face the world on their own. ‘It usually begins at the age of 11 and 14, and continues six to ten years’ (Allen 1993). Physical changes are evident in their bodies. ‘The girl’s body becomes more rounded and soft, her hips broaden and her breasts start to develop. Her voice deepens and pubic hair starts to grow. On the other hand, the boy’s body becomes firmer and angular, his voice deepens, his shoulder broadens and hair develops in his body and feet. Sex glands mature in both sexes’ (Santrock 1987). These changes begin before puberty and differ from one person to another. ‘In both sexes, the reproductive organs gradually reach their adult sizes and functions during the first two-thirds of adolescence.

Corporate Financial Reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Financial Reporting - Assignment Example Suncor energy inc. declared force majeure under a contractual obligation, suspended and ceased its operations as a result of a political unrest. Since there has been no resolution of the political situation at the end of second quarter of the year 2012, an impairment test was conducted in the company’s assets in Syria. Consequently, the company identified after-tax impairment charges and write downs worth $694 million. The impairment losses identified were recorded as part of depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment expense and were charged against property plant, and equipment ($604 million) as well as other current assets worth $23 million. Thereafter the company wrote off the remaining Syrian receivables in Syria for $67 million. Previously in December 2011, receivables worth of $64 million were written off. In 2012 (4th quarter), the company received risk mitigation proceeds worth $300 million that were associated with its Syrian operations. After the proceeds were received, the impairment test was conducted in December 31, 2012, implementing the value-in-use methodology. Unexpected cash flow approach was adopted by the company which was based on the year end reserves data of 2011 which were updated with three scenarios for the company’s best estimate of price realizations as well as remaining revenues. The scenarios represent: recommencement of operations in a year, recommencement of operations is 5 years, total loss. The scenarios where the companies recommence their operations include repayment of the risk mitigation proceeds according to the terms within the agreement. The scenarios were weighted equally on the basis of the company’s best estimate and were valued according to the risk adjusted discount rate of 19%. On the basis of this assessment, the company identified an impairment reversal worth $177 million which were related to the company’s